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Hattie McDaniel (June 10,
1895 – October 26, 1952) was an American singer and actress.
Born in Wichita, Kansas to Baptist preacher Henry McDaniel (who was born into
slavery as a fieldhand on a Virginia
plantation) and Susan Holbert, a singer of religious music. McDaniel made her
first appearance in motion pictures in 1932. She spent much of her
twenty-year career playing maids, mainly
owing to the paucity of roles available to African American actresses. She has been
quoted as saying, "Why should I complain about making $7,000 a week playing a
maid? If I didn't, I'd be making $7 a week being one." It was one such role,
that of Mammy in Gone with the Wind (1939), opposite Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable, that she won the
Academy Award for Best Supporting
Actress on February 29,
1940, making her the first African American
performer to win an Oscar. Also notably, she was the first African American to
attend the Oscars as a guest. When the date of the Atlanta premiere of Gone with the Wind
approached, she informed director Victor Fleming that she was unable to attend due
to illness; in actuality, she did not want to attend because of the racism that
pervaded Southern society at that time, for fear of increasing racial
hostilities. When Clark Gable heard that McDaniel did not want to attend because
of the racial issue, he threatened to boycott the premiere unless McDaniel was
able to attend; he later relented when McDaniel convinced him to go.
McDaniel died at age fifty-seven in the hospital on the grounds of the Motion
Picture House in Woodland Hills. It was her wish to
be buried in the Hollywood cemetery on Santa Monica Boulevard in Hollywood, along with her fellow movie stars, but the owner, Jack
Roth, refused to allow her to be interred there because she was black. She is
interred in Angelus Rosedale Cemetery, Los
Angeles. In 1999, the new owner of the
Hollywood Cemetery, who had renamed it Hollywood Forever
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